RESUMO O potencial produtivo das áreas agrícolas associados ao arranjo espacial de plantas pode determinar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja (Glycine max L.). Neste sentido, o estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja oriundas de diferentes ambientes de produtividade e densidade de plantas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Boa Vista das Missões, RS, na safra 2014/2015. Ambientes de produtividade foram definidos através da sobreposição de mapas de colheita das safras 2008, 2009/2010 e 2011/2012. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com dois ambientes de produtividade (baixa e alta) e cinco densidades de plantas, com quatro repetições. As cultivares utilizadas foram: Brasmax Ativa RR (10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 plantas m-1) e Nidera 5909 RR (5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 plantas m-1). As sementes colhidas foram submetidas às análises de primeira contagem, germinação, plântulas anormais, sementes mortas, condutividade elétrica, envelhecimento acelerado, comprimento de raiz, hipocótilo e plântulas. A variabilidade espacial do vigor pode ser reduzida no campo de produção ajustando-se a densidade de plantas, contudo o ajuste deve considerar a cultivar. A colheita otimizada pode permitir a separação de lotes com maior vigor, oriundos de ambientes de alta produtividade.

ABSTRACT Yield potential of agricultural fields associated with plant spatial arrangement could determine the physiological quality of soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean seeds from different yield environments and plant densities. Experiments were carried out in Boa Vista das Missões-RS, Brazil, during the 2014/2015 growing season. Yield environments were delineated by overlapping yield maps from the 2008, 2009/2010 and 2011/2012 growing seasons. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement with two yield environments (low and high) and five plant densities, with four replicates. Two varieties were tested: Brasmax Ativa RR (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 plants m-1) and Nidera 5909 RR (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 plants m-1). After harvested, the seeds were analysed as following: first count index, germination, abnormal seedlings, dead seeds, electrical conductivity, accelerate aging test, root length, hypocotyl length and seedling length. The spatial variability of seed vigor in the production field could be reduced by adjusting plant density, but the adjustment should consider the variety. Harvest according to yield environment is a strategy to separate lots of seeds with higher vigor, originated from high-yield environments.

ABSTRACT High toxicity of the preservatives most frequently used in wood treatment and the resulting risks of handling pose a threat to small producers and to the environment. In an attempt to mitigate these problems, the present study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the preservative effect of tannic extract on biodeterioration of Acacia mearnsii wood. For this purpose, untreated and preserved specimens, some with tannin extract and some with a preservative mixture based on CCB (Chromated Copper Borate), were submitted to accelerated rotting trials with the fungus that causes white rot (Pycnoporus sanguineus) for 16 weeks. The evaluations were made with a basis on weight loss and chemical components analysis, and they showed that the natural resistance of Acacia wood is moderate when exposed to the white rot fungus. The tannin concentrations showed similar effects to those of the CBB mixture in all evaluations, i.e., they significantly increased the biological resistance of the material, which started to be classified as very resistant to the fungus. Overall, the results suggest that tannin can be considered as a potential natural preservative product.